Friends, today in this article we will learn about horizontal axis small wind turbines. I am going to give information about all this in a very good way. So let’s start.
horizontal axis small wind turbine
The rotation speed of this wind turbine is low, the rotation speed of small wind turbine is up to hundred revolutions per minute. The rotation speed of large and medium wind turbine is about ten revolutions per minute. The speed of running the generator can be increased by gearbox but it reduces the efficiency of wind turbine power.
The gearbox is a quick-acting device, especially a high-speed gearbox. The gearbox in the nacelle of a wind turbine is difficult to maintain and regular gearbox replacement is very expensive.
A low-speed generator specially designed and manufactured for wind turbines can be directly driven by a wind turbine, which is a multi-pole generator and is often excited by permanent magnets. This section introduces the placement of the nacelle equipment through a direct-drive wind turbine model.
Direct drive wind turbines do not have gearboxes, so the main equipment in the nacelle is the generator. Due to the speed, the direct drive generator has a large number of poles and a large diameter. This model adopts the common inner rotor-structure, which is an inner rotor direct drive wind turbine and it has a radial air gap flux. A three-phase coil is built into the stator core and the generator is mounted on the frame of the base. Figure 4 shows the basic structure in the nacelle. The base for mounting the generator on the pole is mounted on the tower by a “yaw bearing”. The base drive is rotated by a yaw-motor. The base has a frame for mounting the generator stator and a rotating shaft is available for installing the generator rotor and wind rotor. The nacelle contains the yaw-drive stator and rotor spindle. The stator is installed around the coil on the frame of the base.
The stator core bore three-phase winding is mounted on the frame of the base. The inner rotor with permanent magnetic poles is mounted on the shaft of the base
The nacelle blade hub with stator bore permanent magnet rotor is also mounted on the rotating shaft of the base and is firmly connected with the rotor. The wind rotor rotates synchronously and then the hub cover is installed.
One of the basic structure diagrams of direct drive permanent magnet wind turbine This is the basic structure of a direct drive permanent magnet wind power generator. Wind energy is the main power source of the generator.
Among current wind turbines, direct-drive wind turbines are more commonly used, with the majority being used in small and medium-sized wind turbines (including vertical-axis wind turbines). Currently, the world’s largest horizontal axis wind turbine is directly driven. Its rating is said to have been increased to 9 MW.
To improve the efficiency of the wind turbine, the direct-driven wind turbine is used in variable speed state and the speed is adjusted by pitch to obtain the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient. However, the frequency of the alternating current changes continuously due to the changing speed of the generator. To send the generated electric energy to the grid, it is necessary to produce a stable 50 Hz alternating current, which requires an AC DC converter to convert the output of the generator to a stable 50 Hz AC supply.
Since the converter must convert the entire power output from the generator, the capacity of the converter must be greater than the power of the generator. Such a converter is called a full power converter. The price of the full-power converter is very expensive, which is one of the shortcomings of the direct-drive wind turbine. Fortunately, the price of high-voltage and high-power equipment is gradually decreasing, which is conducive to the promotion and application of direct-drive wind turbines.
This is also a horizontal axis wind power plant. This type is more reliable and gives better performance than the first type (lay geared wind type).
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