Friends, today in this article we will learn about the solar photovoltaic system. I am going to give you information about all this in a very good way. So let’s start.
solar photovoltaic system
The amount of electricity obtained from a single cell is so less that it is of no use. Therefore, many cells have to be connected together in series or parallel. How many cells are to be connected and how depends on the requirement of electrical power. Many cells are kept together in series, this unit is called a module. By connecting these modules in parallel, the value of current and voltage increases and electrical power is increased. Photovoltaic beams are made with the help of two or more modules, these are used individually or in groups as per the requirement of electrical power. The requirement of modules in making a module depends on the opening.
The following materials are required in a photovoltaic module system-
(i) The base strip on which the solar cells are placed.
(ii) A lid made of transparent material for encapsulation so that maximum amount of solar radiation can enter.
(iii) Other components include electrical wires and suitable connections, batteries, switches, controls, inverters, etc.
Photovoltaic systems for electricity generation
(i) Solar Bundle: It consists of a solar beam which converts solar heat into useful direct current electrical power.
Common systems of solar cells include stand-alone street lighting systems, water pumping systems, domestic lighting systems, community television, power plants for centralized rural electrification and telecommunication systems etc. These systems are currently installed in developed countries for initial electrification of ordinary and unelectrified villages. Those photovoltaic systems which are not connected to the grid are called stand-alone or tech systems. These supply electricity on a small scale.
Electricity is also used to provide communication facilities, lighting facilities, television vaccine storage, battery charging etc. These systems require batteries which store the solar energy converted during the day.
Grid connected photovoltaic systems supply the electricity generated to the grid and take electricity from it as per the requirement. These systems are mostly of large capacity. Small decentralized photovoltaic power plants of 2-10KW capacity are installed to meet the electricity needs of remote villages and areas.
(ii) Barrier diode – It allows the power generated from the solar mass to flow towards the battery or grid. It prevents the reverse flow (from the battery to the solar mass) when there is no solar radiation otherwise the battery will discharge.
(iii) Battery collectors – These store electrical energy produced from solar radiation. These are mostly lead-acid batteries. The battery should be protected from sunlight so that the battery solution does not evaporate due to heat. When there is less sunlight or clouds in the sky or the battery remains unused for a long time, the battery should be kept in a fully charged state. The density, concentration and quantity of the battery solution should be checked from time to time and the level of the solution should be maintained by adding distilled water as required.
(iv) Inverter – With the help of photovoltaic module beam, direct current produced is converted into alternating current, so that applications based on alternating current can be fulfilled.
(v) Battery and circuit isolating switch – Protection is provided by providing battery isolating switch, fuse etc. between grid and inverter.
Possibilities of power generation
Many projects are being run in the field of solar energy in India.
(a) India’s most efficient solar power plants, with a capacity of 700 to 2100 GW, are installed in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan.
(b) On March 1, 2014, the then Chief Minister of Gujarat, Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s largest solar power plant in Neemuch district of Madhya Pradesh.
(c) The main objective of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) is to generate about 20,000 MW of solar power by the year 2022.
(d) Gujarat’s Solar Power Policy has a target of generating 1000 MW of solar power.
(e) Solar Power Policy launched in July 2009 aims to generate 20 GW of solar power by 2020 at a cost of $19 billion.
(f) Multipurpose projects with 66 MW capacity plants have been set up in rural areas to operate solar lanterns, street lighting and solar water pumps.
Limitations of Electrical Product-
(a) Electricity cannot be generated during night time.
(b) If the sky is cloudy during the day, electricity cannot be generated. For these reasons, solar power plants are not a reliable method.
(c) Generation of electricity from solar energy is possible only in those areas where sunlight is available in sufficient quantity throughout the year.
(d) Along with solar panels, an inverter and battery are also required to convert DC current into AC current. Solar panels are cheap to install, while the cost of other equipment increases a lot.
(e) A large area is required to set up a solar power plant, which cannot be used for any other purpose for a long time.
(f) Energy production capacity is less compared to other plants.
(g) Maintenance costs are high for solar power plants as they get damaged easily, increasing the overheads.
What did you learn today :-
Now you must have known about Solar Photovoltaic System and you must have got the answer to all these questions very well.
I hope you liked the information given by me, if you have any question/suggestion in your mind, then you can tell me by commenting below, I will definitely reply to your comment. If you liked this post, then you can also share it with your friends and relatives.