Friends, today in this article I am going to give you information about the components of a microcomputer in a very good way. So let’s start.
Components of a Microcomputer
A microcomputer mainly consists of the following parts which are shown in the block diagram-
- Memory
- Input
- Output
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
Memory is made of semiconductor materials which stores the input and processed data and makes it available at the output. It has many registers which are in a systematic order. These orders are arranged in powers of 2. For example- if we talk about an 8-bit processor, then 8-bit has 1024 = 210 registers. The input data by the user is stored in the memory which is called writing. This memory is of two types-
(i) Read Only Memory (ROM)
(ii) Random Access Memory (RAM)
Programs stored in ROM can only be read, but in RAM these stored programs can be read as well as changed.
Input Device
This type of device is used to input data from external sources into the computer. Keyboard, scanner switches etc. are used to input data into any computer system.
Output Device
After the process of instructions is completed in the computer, we use output devices to view the output obtained or to get it in written form. These output devices can be mainly 7-segment display, monitor, LED or printer.
Central Processing Unit
In computer, data communication with memory in input and output is done through CPU. This CPU has various types of registers, control unit and arithmetic and logic unit for solving arithmetic and logic related problems. The block diagram of microprocessor based CPU is shown in the figure.
CPU has the following parts-
- Arithmetic and Logic Unit
- register
- Control Unit
(i) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) – In microprocessor based computers, various arithmetic and logical operations are performed in ALU. Such as addition, subtraction, AND, OR, Ex-OR etc. On completion of this process, the results obtained are stored in the memory as per the instructions given in the program.
(ii) Registers – This part of the microprocessor contains various registers which temporarily store data during program execution and some registers are accessed as per special orders.
(iii) Control Unit – This unit controls all the functions and controls the mutual data flow between these units by providing necessary control signals during communication between the microprocessor and memory/peripheral.
What did you learn today :-
Now you must have known the components of a microcomputer and you must have got the answer to all these questions well.
I hope you liked the information given by me, if you have any question/suggestion in your mind, then you can tell me by commenting below, I will definitely reply to your comment. If you liked this post, then you can also share it with your friends and relatives.